Mongolia’s history spans 5.000 years. From nomads helding the Central Asian steppe to the formation of the powerful Mongol Empire and the gradual emergence of the Mongolian Republic, its history is steeped in conflict.

Ancient Mongolian States

The first Mongolian state was established in 209 BC by Huns or Hunnu people. The name Hunnu comes from two ancient Mongolian words. “Hun” means “man” and “nu” translates as “sun”. The Hun’s first king was Modun Shan Yui, whose father Tumen was chieftain of Hun’s most influential tribe.
The Huns territory stretched from Korea in the Far East to Tian Shan Mountian in the northern China and from the southern section of the Great Wall to Lake Baikal in southern Siberia. From 200 BC until its collapse in 98 AD, the Hun state was the most powerful nomadic nation residing in the sprawling Central Asian steppe and mountain., But, after three hundred years of domination the Hun state imploded, ruined by internal conflicts between powerful chieftains.
After the Hun state collapsed several other ambitions clans established their own states and dominated Mongolian territory up until 1200 AD. The first domination state after the Hun’s collapse was the Sumbe State, which lasted until the 3rd century BC. The Toba finally took over the Sumbe state inn 250 AD and established its own state with a number of tribal allies. In turn the Tobas were defeated by the Nirun, who were forced to hand the state over to Turkic tribes who established the Tuger Kingdom On Mongolia in 552 AD. Thousand of Turkic people has arrived from the far west via the Altai Mountains during the 4th century AD. They extended the ancient feudal system, but were also defeated by their own internal conflicts in 745 AD.
The Uigar tribe then became the most powerful in Central Asia, but were unable to dominate the whole of Mongolia. It was the Kidans, who had peacefully coexisted with several previous ruling tribes, who took over Mongolia in 907. Their dominance lasted until the 12th century when a number of Central Asian tribes invaded at the same tiem. There was now no ruler in Mongolia and this vast territory was divided and subdivided into tribal areas.

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